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1.
Psicol. rev ; 28(2): 486-511, dez. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1395689

ABSTRACT

Este artigo teve como objetivo estabelecer uma discussão sobre diferentes modos de compreender a etiologia do autismo dentro do campo da psicanálise lacaniana, um deles que circunscreve o autismo enquanto psicose e o outro que o compreende como uma nova estrutura nosográfica. Para tanto, foi preciso retornar às elaborações de Jacques Lacan sobre a constituição do sujeito para que fosse possível refletir sobre os percursos teóricos dos autores identificando convergências, como a perseguição que o sujeito autista vive em relação aos signos da presença do Outro, e de que ordem são as divergências sobre a etiologia do autismo, se puramente políticas ou se possuem relevância clínica e epistêmica. A partir de proposições lacanianas como o estádio do espelho e os processos de alienação e separação, foi possível desenvolver a questão da entrada - forçada - do sujeito na linguagem e identificar a dimensão real do gozo que pode contribuir com a discussão clínica sobre a complexidade da aquisição da linguagem no sujeito autista.


This article aimed to establish a discussion about different ways of understan-ding the etiology of autism within the field of Lacanian psychoanalysis, one of which circumscribes autism to the realm of psychosis and the other that understands it as a new nosographic structure. In order to do so, it was neces-sary to return to Jacques Lacan's elaborations on the constitution of the subject so that it would be possible to reflect on the theoretical paths of the authors, identifying convergences, such as the persecution that the autistic subject expe-riences in relation to the signs of the presence of the Other, and of what order are the divergences about the etiology of autism, whether purely political or if they have clinical and epistemological relevance. From Lacanian propositions such as the mirror stage and the processes of alienation and separation, it was possible to develop the issue of the forced entry of the subject into language and to identify the real dimension of jouissance that may contribute to the clinical discussion on the complexity of the language acquisition in the autistic subject.


Este artículo tuvo como objetivo establecer una discusión sobre diferentes modos de comprender la etiología del autismo dentro del campo del psicoaná-lisis lacaniano, uno de ellos circunscribe el autismo como psicosis, y el otra lo comprende como una nueva estructura nosográfica. Por lo tanto, fue necesario retomar a las elaboraciones de Jacques Lacan sobre la constitución del sujeto para que fuera posible reflexionar sobre los recorridos teóricos de los autores, identificando convergencias, como la persecución que el sujeto autista vive en relación a los signos de la presencia del Otro, y de que orden son las diver-gencias sobre la etiología del autismo, si son simplemente políticas o si tienen relevancia clínica y epistémica. A partir de proposiciones lacanianas como el estadio del espejo y los procesos de alienación y separación, fue posible desar-rollar la cuestión de la entrada ­ forzada ­ del sujeto en el lenguaje y identificar la dimensión de lo real del goce, que puede contribuir con la discusión clínica acerca de la complejidad de la adquisición del lenguaje en el sujeto autista.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Autistic Disorder/etiology , Psychoanalysis , Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential
2.
Estilos clín ; 24(3): 432-444, set.-dez. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1279035

ABSTRACT

Partimos do dito mãe geladeira, que se apresenta na mídia especulativa como um representante da práxis psicanalítica, sobretudo na clínica das patologias infantis, e buscamos elucidar essa expressão como um equívoco necessitando de elaboração. Para tal, seguiremos pelos autores pós-freudianos, que se amparavam na maternagem para dizer do sujeito, posição que pode ter contribuído para esse equívoco, e nos dirigimos a Lacan, que elucida e diferencia o lugar da mãe mulher como uma função. Enfim, concluímos que esse dito, na atualidade, se revela como mais uma forma de ataque à psicanálise no que se refere ao tratamento das crianças autistas.


Partimos del clásico comentario de la "madre fría" como supuestamente representante de la praxis psicoanalítica, sobre todo en la clínica de las patologías infantiles, y buscamos elucidar esa expresión como un siendo equívoco que merece ser analizado. Para eso, seguiremos los autores post-freudianos que, apoyándose en el maternaje para decir del sujeto, contribuyeran con ese equívoco, posteriormente nos ocupamos de Lacan, que elucida y diferencia el lugar de la madre mujer como una función. Concluimos que esa idea de la "madre fría" revelase como una forma más de ataque al psicoanálisis en lo que se refiere al tratamiento de los niños autistas.


We start from the maxim refrigerator mother, which presents itself in the speculative media as a representative of the psychoanalytical practice, especially in the clinical of childhood pathologies, and we seek to elucidate this expression as a mistake requiring elaboration. For that, we will follow the post-Freudian authors, who took refuge in the maternity to say of the subject, a position that may have contributed to this misconception, and we address to Lacan, who elucidates and differentiates the place of the mother woman as a function. Finally, we conclude that this saying, nowadays, reveals itself as another form of attack on psychoanalysis with regard to the treatment of autistic children.


Subject(s)
Autistic Disorder/etiology , Maternal Behavior , Mother-Child Relations , Psychoanalysis
3.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 79(1,supl.1): 16-21, abr. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002599

ABSTRACT

El autismo es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo caracterizado por compromiso en la interacción social y la comunicación, asociado a intereses restringidos y conductas estereotipadas con gran prevalencia poblacional, bases neurobiológicas y alta heredabilidad. Su etiología es heterogénea y se han reconocido numerosas bases genéticas, factores ambientales y mecanismos epigenéticos. Los avances en la genética molecular, así como los estudios epidemiológicos de grandes cohortes, han posibilitado identificar entidades médicas específicas, así como genes y factores ambientales vinculados parcial o totalmente en su patogenia. Estos conocimientos, conforme las características clínicas, permiten orientar los estudios complementarios, las conductas terapéuticas, inferir un pronóstico clínico y propiciar el asesoramiento genético familiar. En este trabajo analizamos las características clínicas de los trastornos del espectro del autismo, las entidades médicas específicas que están fuertemente relacionadas a los mismos, así como los genes reconocidos, los posibles factores ambientales y los resultados epidemiológicos que permiten el adecuado asesoramiento familiar.


Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by commitment to social interaction and communication, associated with interests restricted and stereotyped behaviors with a high population prevalence, neurobiological bases and high heritability. Its etiology is heterogeneous, numerous genetic bases, environmental factors and epigenetic mechanisms have been recognized. Advances in molecular genetics, as well as epidemiological studies of large cohorts, have made it possible to identify specific medical entities, as well as genes and environmental factors partially or totally linked in their pathogenesis. This knowledge, according to the clinical characteristics, allows to guide the complementary studies, the therapeutic conducts, to infer a clinical prognosis and to propitiate the familiar genetic advice. In this work, the most prevalent clinical characteristics identified are described; the specific medical entities that are strongly related to autism are stated, as well as the recognized genes, the possible environmental factors and the epidemiological results that allow family counseling.


Subject(s)
Humans , Autistic Disorder/genetics , Autistic Disorder/etiology , Autistic Disorder/physiopathology , Epigenesis, Genetic , Environment , Autism Spectrum Disorder/etiology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics , Genetic Counseling
4.
Estilos clín ; 23(1): 130-151, jan.-abr. 2018. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-953508

ABSTRACT

A partir de um entendimento integrativo entre psicanálise e neurociências, busca-se compreender a etiologia do autismo. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa que abarcou dados da história e do conceito de autismo por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório em bases de dados, periódicos e livros. Apesar das divergências acerca da etiologia e tratamento entre as áreas, algumas investigações desenvolvidas concluem que, quando uma criança nasce com vulnerabilidades orgânicas, estas podem afetar o exercício das funções parentais. Assim, poderá ocorrer a potencialização ou o surgimento de traços autísticos no âmbito psíquico e, também, neurobiológico, dado que o desenvolvimento orgânico ocorre concomitantemente à subjetivação.


Based on an integrative understanding between Psychoanalysis and Neurosciences, this work aims to comprehend etiology of autism. This is a narrative literature review that includes data from the history and concept of autism through a qualitative exploratory research in databases, periodics and books. Despite the disparities on the etiology and treatment between these fields, some studies led to the conclusion that, when a child is born with organic vulnerabilities, they may affect the exercise of parental functions. Thus, either a potentialization may occur, or the appearance of autistic traits in both the psychic and also the neurobiological scope, since the individual is in the process of organic development concomitant with subjectivity.


A partir de un entendimiento integrativo entre Psicoanálisis y Neurociencias, se busca comprender la etiología del autismo. Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica narrativa que abarcó datos de la historia y del concepto del autismo por medio de una investigación cualitativa de carácter exploratorio en bases de datos, periódicos y libros. A pesar de las divergencias acerca de la etiología y el tratamiento entre las áreas, algunas investigaciones desarrolladas concluyen que, cuando un niño nace con vulnerabilidades orgánicas, éstas pueden afectar el ejercicio de las funciones parentales. Así, podrá ocurrir el aumento, o el surgimiento de síntomas autísticos en el ámbito psíquico y también neurobiológico, así que el desarrollo orgánico ocurre concomitante a la subjetivación.


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychoanalysis , Autistic Disorder/etiology , Autistic Disorder/psychology , Neurosciences
5.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 93(2): 111-119, Mar.-Apr. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-841331

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: Autism spectrum disorders are lifelong and often devastating conditions that severely affect social functioning and self-sufficiency. The etiopathogenesis is presumably multifactorial, resulting from a very complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. The dramatic increase in autism spectrum disorder prevalence observed during the last decades has led to placing more emphasis on the role of environmental factors in the etiopathogenesis. The objective of this narrative biomedical review was to summarize and discuss the results of the most recent and relevant studies about the environmental factors hypothetically involved in autism spectrum disorder etiopathogenesis. Sources: A search was performed in PubMed (United States National Library of Medicine) about the environmental factors hypothetically involved in the non-syndromic autism spectrum disorder etiopathogenesis, including: air pollutants, pesticides and other endocrine-disrupting chemicals, electromagnetic pollution, vaccinations, and diet modifications. Summary of the findings: While the association between air pollutants, pesticides and other endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and risk for autism spectrum disorder is receiving increasing confirmation, the hypothesis of a real causal relation between them needs further data. The possible pathogenic mechanisms by which environmental factors can lead to autism spectrum disorder in genetically predisposed individuals were summarized, giving particular emphasis to the increasingly important role of epigenetics. Conclusions: Future research should investigate whether there is a significant difference in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among nations with high and low levels of the various types of pollution. A very important goal of the research concerning the interactions between genetic and environmental factors in autism spectrum disorder etiopathogenesis is the identification of vulnerable populations, also in view of proper prevention.


Resumo Objetivo: Os transtornos do espectro autista (TEAs) são vitalícios e normalmente são doenças devastadoras que afetam gravemente o funcionamento social e a autossuficiência. A etiopatogenia é presumivelmente multifatorial, resultante de uma interação muito complexa entre fatores genéticos e ambientais. O aumento drástico na prevalência de TEAs observado nas últimas décadas levou à maior ênfase no papel dos fatores ambientais na etiopatogenia. O objetivo desta análise da narrativa biomédica foi resumir e discutir os resultados dos estudos mais recentes e relevantes sobre os fatores ambientais hipoteticamente envolvidos na etiopatogenia dos TEAs. Fontes: Foi feita uma pesquisa na Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina dos Estados Unidos (PubMed) sobre os fatores ambientais hipoteticamente envolvidos na etiopatogenia dos TEAs não sindrômicos, inclusive poluentes atmosféricos, pesticidas e outros desreguladores endócrinos, poluição eletromagnética, vacinas e alterações na dieta. Resumo dos achados: Embora a associação entre poluentes atmosféricos, pesticidas e outros desreguladores endócrinos e o risco de TEA tenha recebido cada vez mais confirmações, a hipótese de uma relação causal real entre eles ainda precisa de mais dados. Os possíveis mecanismos patogênicos por meio dos quais os fatores ambientais podem causar TEA em indivíduos geneticamente predispostos foram resumidos, com ênfase especial no papel cada vez mais importante da epigenética. Conclusões: Futuras pesquisas devem investigar se há uma diferença significativa na prevalência de TEA entre nações com níveis altos e baixos de vários tipos de poluição. Um objetivo muito importante da pesquisa a respeito das interações entre fatores genéticos e ambientais na etiopatogenia do TEA é a identificação de populações vulneráveis, também em virtude da prevenção adequada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Child , Autistic Disorder/etiology , Autistic Disorder/genetics , Environmental Pollutants/toxicity , Autism Spectrum Disorder/etiology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Risk Factors , Maternal Exposure/adverse effects , Genetic Predisposition to Disease
6.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 53(4): 269-276, dic. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-772365

ABSTRACT

Although already none doubt that the autism spectrum disorders (ASD) constitute a myriad of clinical syndromes, linked to neurodevelopment, there are still many questions that need be answered. Thus, researchers focus their efforts in genetic disorders that are in the origin of secondary autism, for to know more aboutprimary autism (or idiopathic), whose concrete cause is ignored. Delving into this, we review here recent findings in the research of such disorders, convinced that there is a primary-secondary autism continuum that rigorous studies in molecular genetics must show. However, there is much pathology with autistic behaviors whose etiology remains still unknown. In this line, aside from books, were selected indexed articles in MEDLINE, published from 2008 to 2015, related to advances in genetic research and diagnosis from autistic spectrum disorder. Like key words were used "autism", and the paired-words combinations of "autism and etiology", "autism and neurodevelopment" and "autism and genetics".


Aunque ya nadie duda que los trastornos del espectro autista (TEA) conformen una miríada de síndromes clínicos, vinculados al neurodesarrollo, aún existen muchos interrogantes por responder. Por ello, distintos investigadores centran sus esfuerzos en los trastornos genéticos causantes del autismo secundario, para así saber más del autismo primario (o idiopático), cuya causa concreta se ignora. Ahondando en esto, se revisan aquí hallazgos recientes obtenidos en la investigación de tales trastornos, al creer que existe un continuo entre el autismo primario y su homólogo secundario, que estudios rigurosos en genética molecular deberán evidenciar. No obstante, hay diversidad de patologías con conductas autistas cuya etiología aún se ignora. En tal línea, además de libros, se seleccionaron artículos indexados en MEDLINE, publicados entre 2008 y 2015, relacionados con avances en la investigación genética y diagnóstico del espectro autista. Como palabras claves se utilizaron "autismo", y las combinaciones "autismo y etiología", "autismo y neurodesarrollo" y "autismo y genética".


Subject(s)
Humans , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Autistic Disorder/genetics , Angelman Syndrome , Fragile X Syndrome , Neurodevelopmental Disorders , Prader-Willi Syndrome , Rett Syndrome , Autistic Disorder/etiology
7.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1392135

ABSTRACT

Dentro de la psiquiatría infantil, una de las patologías que genera más interrogantes y desafíos son los trastornos del espectro autista. El mundo de los niños y adolescentes con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) es todavía un enigma, distinto de los demás y con problemas en su comunicación y relaciones interpersonales de variada severidad. A través de los años, no solamente se ha podido avanzar en los factores etiológicos, patologías asociadas y definir el trastorno como espectro, más que un solo síndrome; sino que además han existido muchísimos avances sobre las intervenciones terapéuticas y sus niveles de evidencia en cuanto a su eficacia. En el presente trabajo se revisan brevemente factores etiológicos del trastorno del espectro autista, su definición y las intervenciones más utilizadas hoy en día, describiéndose las principales características y su nivel de evidencia.


In child and adolescent psychiatry, one of the most intriguing and challenging disorders is the autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The world of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is still an enigma, very different from the others and with hard problems in communicating and social interacting. Through the years, not only has there been more understanding of the etiology factors, diseases associated with the syndrome and the definition of a spectrum more than just one syndrome. There also have been many advances regarding therapeutic interventions and their level of evidence. In the current paper we briefly review the etiology factors of autism spectrum disorder, its current definition and the most utilized interventions, describing their characteristics and their level of evidence.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Autistic Disorder/therapy , Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis , Psychotropic Drugs/therapeutic use , Autistic Disorder/etiology , Autistic Disorder/drug therapy , Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists/therapeutic use , Interpersonal Relations
8.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 143(5): 619-626, ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-751708

ABSTRACT

Remission of gastrointestinal and general symptoms after gluten withdrawal has been described in some non-celiac individuals for nearly 30 years. Only recently, efforts have been made to define this entity, now referred to as "non- celiac gluten sensitivity". It includes patients that clinically respond to gluten free diet without exhibiting allergic or autoimmune features to explain such response. Wheat allergy, celiac disease, irritable bowel syndrome and symptoms induced by high FODMAPs (Fermentable, Oligo-, Di-, Mono-saccharides And Polyols) consumption are the main differential diagnoses. The relationship with neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism has not been demonstrated, but currently it gives ground to great hope in families with affected children. Epidemiology of non-celiac gluten sensitivity is not clear. It is described as more common among women and less common in children. Genetic and immune factors, changes in intestinal microbiota and non-gluten components present in wheat grains are main factors postulated in the pathogenesis of this condition. To date, there are no specific biomarkers for non-celiac gluten sensitivity and diagnosis is reached by excluding other causes of disease. A trial with gluten-free diet and subsequent gluten challenge is the methodology most frequently used to confirm diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Glutens/adverse effects , Autistic Disorder/etiology , Autistic Disorder/psychology , Celiac Disease/diagnosis , Celiac Disease/physiopathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Diet, Gluten-Free/methods , Food Hypersensitivity/complications , Food Hypersensitivity/diet therapy , Food Hypersensitivity/physiopathology , Irritable Bowel Syndrome/diagnosis , Irritable Bowel Syndrome/physiopathology , Schizophrenia , Wheat Hypersensitivity/complications
9.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 20(2): 607-616, fev. 2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-742212

ABSTRACT

Observam-se modificações epidemiológicas de doenças infecciosas entre famílias de classe média de países industrializados por força de crenças ligadas aos riscos da vacinação. Estas se expandem globalmente por conta de redes de sites, blogs e celebridades de ampla influência. Em vista da complexidade de tal fenômeno cultural, em sua analítica são articulados conceitos contemporâneos alinhados à ideia de reflexividade na sociedade de risco, assim como o da sociedade midiatizada receptora de enunciações de perigos e proteções em mútua referência e contradição. Discute-se a frequente emergência de tensões derivadas de ciclos de enunciações e incompletudes constituídas como “biovalores” simbólicos. Enfatiza-se o efeito persistente de enunciações ameaçadoras e fraudulentas a abastecer redes sociais virtuais que, há quase três décadas, ampliam o debate acerca da ligação do autismo com as vacinas. Conclui-se que os processos de produção de sentidos interligam-se em diversos níveis nos quais circulam representações que sustentam a comunicação e a identidade dos grupos com base em referenciais histórico-culturais.


Marked changes have been seen in the epidemiological profile of infectious diseases among middle-class families in industrialized countries due to beliefs related to the risks of vaccination. These beliefs are proliferating globally due to internet sites, blogs and the influence of celebrities in the mass communication media. Due to the complexity of a cultural phenomenon of this nature, contemporary concepts aligned to the idea of reflexivity in the risk society are analyzed. The concept of a receptive media-driven society in which the announcement of danger and protection in mutual reference and contradiction are also assessed. The frequent emergence of tensions derived from cycles of utterances and baseless comments construed as symbolic “biovalues” are discussed. The persistent effect of threatening biotechnological and fraudulent utterances has influenced virtual networks for almost three decades, supporting the debate about the connection between autism and vaccines. The conclusion reached is that the processes of production of significance interconnect at various levels in which representations circulate that support communication and group identity based on historical and cultural references.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Autistic Disorder , Anti-Vaccination Movement , Mass Media , Autistic Disorder/etiology , Risk , Sociological Factors
11.
Rev. cuba. hig. epidemiol ; 51(1): 16-26, ene.-abr. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-671300

ABSTRACT

Introducción: los trastornos del espectro autista se consideran una familia de alteraciones del neurodesarrollo, caracterizada por dificultades en la comunicación y la interacción social, así como la existencia de un comportamiento estereotipado y repetitivo. Aunque existen varias hipótesis que involucran a factores genéticos y ambientales en su etiopatogenia, la verdadera contribución de estos aún se desconoce. En este estudio se explora la relación entre los niveles séricos de plomo, el daño del ADN y la severidad del autismo. Métodos: se estudiaron 15 niños con el diagnóstico de trastornos del espectro autista entre 4 y 11 años de edad y un grupo control del mismo rango de edad. El coeficiente de inteligencia fue evaluado mediante la prueba de Terman-Merrill y los niños fueron clasificados en dos grados de retardo mental (ligero y moderado/severo). Los niveles de plomo en sangre fueron medidos por espectrometría de masa, mientras que el daño del ADN fue determinado en linfocitos de sangre periférica con el empleo de un ensayo de electroforesis alcalina (ensayo del cometa). Resultados: no se mostró diferencia significativa en los niveles de plomo entre los grupos. El daño del ADN fue mayor en los pacientes autistas en relación con el grupo control, cuya diferencia fue significativa (p< 0,05), cuando comparamos los grupos teniendo en cuenta la severidad del retardo mental. Los pacientes con trastorno moderado/severo mostraron un daño del ADN significativamente superior a los que presentaron trastornos ligeros y al grupo control. Conclusiones: los resultados confirman la presencia de daño del ADN en pacientes con trastornos del espectro autista, lo cual sugiere que este pudiera ser un factor que se relaciona con la severidad del retardo mental en estos enfermos


Introduction:autistic spectrum disorders are considered to be a family of neurodevelopmental alterations characterized by difficulty to communicate and interact socially, as well as stereotyped, repetitive behavior. Though several hypotheses involve genetic and environmental factors in the etiopathogeny of this condition, their actual participation is still unknown. The present study explores the relationship between serum lead levels, DNA damage and the severity of autism. Methods: a study was conducted with 15 children 4-11 years old diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorders and a control group from the same age range. The intelligence quotient was measured by the Terman-Merrill test, and children were classified into two degrees of mental retardation (mild and moderate/severe). Blood lead levels were measured by mass spectrometry, whereas DNA damage was determined in peripheral blood lymphocytes using the alkaline electrophoresis assay (the comet assay). Results: this study did not show any significant difference in lead levels between the groups. DNA damage was greater in autistic patients than in the control group, and the difference was significant (p<0.05) when mental retardation severity was considered. Patients with a moderate/severe disorder showed significantly greater DNA damage than those with mild disorders and the control group. Conclusions: results confirm the presence of DNA damage in patients with autistic spectrum disorders, suggesting that this factor could be related to mental retardation severity


Subject(s)
Female , Child , DNA Damage/genetics , Comet Assay/methods , Lead/blood , Autistic Disorder/etiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Observational Studies as Topic
12.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 34(3): 161-163, July-Sept. 2012.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-653785

ABSTRACT

Objective: To confirm previous evidence suggesting an association between autism and low vitamin D serum levels. Methods: This preliminary exploratory study assessed the circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) in pediatric patients with autism and in typically developing controls from Juiz de Fora, Brazil. Results: Serum levels of 25-OHD were lower in children with autism (26.48 ± 3.48 ng mL-1) when compared to typically developing subjects (40.52 ± 3.13 ng mL-1) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our findings attest to the importance of vitamin supplementation during pregnancy and in the treatment of children with autism, who tend to present low vitamin D consumption rates (AU)


Objetivo: Confirmar evidências prévias indicando uma associação entre autismo e baixos níveis séricos de vitamina D. Métodos: Este estudo preliminar avaliou os níveis circulantes de 25-hidroxivitamina D (25-OHD) em pacientes pediátricos com autismo e em controles apresentando desenvolvimento típico em Juiz de Fora, Brasil. Resultados: Os níveis séricos de 25-OHD foram menores em crianças com autismo (26,48 ± 3,48 ng mL-1) em comparação com indivíduos com desenvolvimento típico (40,52 ± 3,13 ng mL-1) (p < 0,001). Conclusão: Nossos resultados confirmam a importância da suplementação de vitamina durante a gravidez e no tratamento de crianças com autismo, que costumam apresentar um baixo consumo de vitamina D (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Autistic Disorder/etiology , Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives , Vitamin D Deficiency/complications , Autistic Disorder/blood , Vitamin D/blood , Vitamin D Deficiency/blood , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies
14.
Pediatr. mod ; 48(4)abr. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-663149

ABSTRACT

No presente artigo é realizada uma discussão sobre autismo infantil, enfatizando sua epidemiologia, etiologia, patogênese, manifestações clínicas, diagnóstico e tratamento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Autistic Disorder/diagnosis , Autistic Disorder/epidemiology , Autistic Disorder/etiology , Autistic Disorder/pathology , Autistic Disorder/therapy
16.
Psicofarmacologia (B. Aires) ; 10(62): 9-20, jun. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-582229

ABSTRACT

La profusa información y postulaciones etiológicas relacionadas con el autismo optimizan su utilidad cuando resultan coherentes entre sí y pueden ser contrastadas con modelos de normalidad. Se trata de una difícil tarea que en los últimos tiempos es abordada con creciente rigurosidad y compromiso. El aporte que la Psicofarmacología puede constituir como parte del tratamiento requiere su contextualización en esta vasta, compleja y dinámica red de hallazgos y teorizaciones.


The abundant information and etiological propositions related with autism optimize its utility when there turns to be coherence between them, and when they can be compared against normality models. It is a difficult task which in recent times has been dealt with increasing thoroughness and commitment. The contribution that Psychopharmacology may constitute as part of the treatment of autism makes it necessary to contextualize it within the vast, complex and dynamic network of findings and theorizations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Medication Therapy Management , Anti-Anxiety Agents/pharmacokinetics , Anti-Anxiety Agents , Early Diagnosis , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Pharmacokinetics , Patient Care Planning/classification , Autistic Disorder/etiology , Autistic Disorder/therapy , Mood Disorders/therapy
17.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 81(3): 204-214, jun. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-563802

ABSTRACT

This paper presents some critical considerations regarding the growing adoption, by families, of alternative treatments and diets for the treatment of various disorders like autism in children. Research does not seem to support such practices, with the exception of the relationship between timesoral and vaccines, neurological and cardiac disorders. Issues to consider are pointed out in the need to opt for biological treatments, and the need for families and research teams to work together for the purpose of clarifying such procedures.


El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar consideraciones críticas en relación a la creciente adopción, por parte de las familias de niños con trastornos del desarrollo, de tratamientos alternativos y dietas para reducir los síntomas de diversas alteraciones tales como el autismo, SDAH y otros. Las investigaciones no parecen apoyar tales prácticas, a excepción de la creciente evidencia de la relación entre el timerosal de las vacunas y afecciones cardíacas y neurológicas. Se señalan los elementos a tener en cuenta para optar por los tratamientos biológicos y dietas, junto con insistir en la necesidad de mancomunar esfuerzos entre familias y equipos de investigación para desarrollar estudios que clarifiquen los efectos de tales procedimientos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Diet Therapy/methods , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/diet therapy , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/etiology , Caseins/adverse effects , Preservatives, Pharmaceutical/adverse effects , Environmental Pollution/adverse effects , Glutens/adverse effects , Food Hypersensitivity/complications , Bacterial Infections/complications , Thimerosal/adverse effects , Autistic Disorder/diet therapy , Autistic Disorder/etiology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diet therapy , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/etiology
18.
Psicofarmacologia (B. Aires) ; 10(61): 9-19, apr. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-575360

ABSTRACT

El autismo, identificado como entidad clínica a mediados del siglo XX, desde el inicio produjo controversiales y múltiples formulaciones acerca de su etiología y diversas presentaciones. En las últimas décadas del mismo período, constructos teóricos (teoría de la mente, teoría constructivista del cerebro, teorías psicológicas) y avances tecnológicos (decodificación del genoma humano, estudios por imágenes) permitieron generar hipótesis etiopatogénicas más integradoras y adecuadas para basar en ellas la implementación de psicofármacos como parte del tratamiento. En este sentido, son destacables los aportes de Utah Frith.Los progresos neurocientíficos del nuevo siglo, especialmente los logrados en torno al fenómeno de la epigénesis como clave y sustrato de la interacción gen-entorno, guardan coherencia y son articulables con los anteriores, prefigurando la posibilidad de tratar esta patología con mayor precisión y efectividad, también desde el punto de vista farmacológico.


Autism, which was identified as a clinical entity in the mid-20th century, from the beginning gave rise to controversial and multiple formulations on its etiology and its different forms. In the las decades of that century, theoretical constructs (theory of mind, constructivist theory of the brain, psychological theories) and technological advances (decodifications of the human genome, imaging studies) allowed to formulate etiopathogenic hypotheses more holistic and appropriate to base on them the implementation of psychopharmacological drugs as part of the treatment. In this sense, the contributions made by Utah Frith are remarkable. The neuroscientific advances of the new century, especially those achieved in relation to the epigenesis phenomena as the key and the substratum of the gen-environment interaction, are consistent and articulable with the previous ones, pre-conditioning the possibility to treat this pathology with higher accuracy and efficacy, also from the pharmacological point of view.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cognition , Early Diagnosis , Emotions , Epigenesis, Genetic , Language Disorders , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Autistic Disorder/etiology , Autistic Disorder/pathology , Motor Skills Disorders/diagnosis
19.
Indian J Hum Genet ; 2010 Jan; 16(1): 36-38
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-138895

ABSTRACT

We herein report the joint occurrence of an autistic disorder (AD) and X-linked hypophosphatemia. X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), an X-linked dominant disorder, is the most common of the inherited renal phosphate wasting disorders. Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder that occurs mainly due to genetic causes. In approximately 6-15% of cases, the autistic phenotype is a part of a broader genetic condition called syndromic autism. Therefore, reports of cases with the joint occurrence of a known genetic syndrome and a diagnosis of ASD by a child psychiatrist are relevant. A joint occurrence does not, however, mean that there is always a causal link between the genetic syndrome and the autistic behavioural phenotype. In this case, there are a number of arguments countering a causal link.


Subject(s)
Autistic Disorder/diagnosis , Autistic Disorder/etiology , Autistic Disorder/genetics , Child , Genetic Diseases, Inborn/diagnosis , Humans , Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets/diagnosis , Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets/etiology , Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets/genetics , Male , Syndrome
20.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Fonoaudiol ; 13(3): 296-299, jul.-set. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-493285

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar historicamente os conceitos do Autismo Infantil e da síndrome de Asperger. Por meio de revisão de literatura os autores buscaram mostrar as modificações, ao longo do tempo, das concepções teóricas e das descrições clínicas destes quadros.


The aim of this study was to review historically the concepts of Autism and Asperger syndrome. Through literature review, the authors evidence the changes on theoretical concepts and clinical descriptions of Autism and Asperger syndrome with time.


Subject(s)
Language , Asperger Syndrome/etiology , Autistic Disorder/etiology
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